In an article in today's New York Post, I argue that Barack Obama actually does have a pretty good likelihood of increasing youth turnout -- and that, moreover, such voters may be undercounted in the polls: Indeed, youth turnout rates in recent elections have been downright pathetic. In 1972, the first year 18-year-olds had the right to vote, nearly half of citizens aged 18-24 turned out to the ballot box. But by 1976, with the Vietnam War off the table, the turnout rate plummeted to 42%. It has since fallen as low as 32% in 2000 before rebounding slightly in 2004. Barack Obama is hoping to do a lot better than that - and unlike so many of his predecessors, there are signs that he may actually succeed. In 2004, voters aged 29 or younger represented 9% of the Democratic primary electorate, according to statistics compiled from exit polls. In 2008, that fraction jumped to 14%, representing a 52% improvement as a share of the electorate. Those voters overwhelmingly favored Obama, preferring him to Hillary Clinton by a 60-37 margin.
After re-reading my piece, however, it occurs to me that some of the strategies I proscribe for Obama facilitating the youth vote might be problematic with other sets of voters. Consider this one, for instance:Branding. One way to pierce young voters' attention barrier is to market yourself like the products they love. And this is something the Obama campaign understands exceptionally well - the importance of OBAMA™. From the elegant serif font on their website to their use (and occasional overuse) of the campaign's logo to their Madison Avenue-like slogans, the Obama campaign distances itself from the stodgy, haphazard presentation of a traditional political campaign. Obama is the Mac to John McCain's PC.
Isn't this part of what John McCain is critiquing with his 'celebrity' commercials? That Obama is too slick, too prepackaged? The ad campaign is, in part, a generational dog-whistle.
This doesn't mean that Obama should back down from such strategies. The Obama campaign has recently had a tendency to run away and hide whenever it encounters resistance, which is exactly the wrong approach. But it does mean that the campaign is going to have to try and reach multiple groups of voters through multiple channels -- by, for instance, producing several different ads concurrently, and running them on different networks to cater to particular demographics.
8.10.2008
Obama and the Youth Vote
by Nate Silver @ 5:17 PM...see also advertising, obama, youth vote
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48 comments
bleh, you're writing for that murdoch rag?
I doubt it. Speaking as somone who is actually around that age, and I have the opportunity to be around alot of different types of kids - rural kids, city kids, college kids, community college kids, working kids, kids from liberal and conservative demographics - very few of them care about politics or know anything about it. I've got hopes for increased AA turnout maybe but holding faith in the youth vote I expect, will cause people to be just as disappointed as they have been every year.
Nate,
What's striking to me is that in many polls McCain benefits from a very high republican loyalty/
Now I understand that many former republican have switched to independents but remember the swing votes count for two, new votes count for one.
I think Obama will/has hit a ceiling with new voters. They are essential but media strategies to reach them are dangerous. Obama needs to target universities in swing states and leave it at that.
As someone who has lived on a big ten (huge mid-west) university all summer I can say that youth vote can possibly soar. There is interest here that I have never seen before (and I am 24 for I was here for Kerry).
Also, the Obama campaign is going crazy about voter-turnout. They are going up to nearly every single college student to ask them if they are registered and if they would like to change their address so that they can vote in their hometown.
Most kids don't bother doing this and say they will vote absentee, then they forget, then they don't want to drive four hours home and back to drive. The campaign is working to be certain that kids register where they will actually vote.
Yes, Nate, why are you writing for that Murdoch rag?
Because he wants someone to actually read it
Breaking News Regarding Obama's radical past: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65I0HNvTDH4
He's probably in the Post because it accepted his submission.
Everyone in NYC reads the Post, no matter what their political positions. Best sports section, Page 6, etc.
One thing the youth vote seems to be very conscious of is whether their state is going to be competitive or not.
In 2004, the 18-34 demographic made up about 12% of the vote in blue or red states but about 25% of the vote in swing states. This helped Kerry to nearly steal the election despite Bush easily winning the popular vote. But in 2008 the younger vote is likely to prove the difference maker. Why?
The 18-34 demographic favored Kerry by 20-25 points in 2004 but now seems to favor Obama by more like 40-45 points. So the projection to be made is that Obama will win the Electoral College based on the huge advantage (and proven large turnout) among 18-34 year-olds in purple states... even if McCain wins the popular vote.
LOL! That really was funny Jon! :)
Mordy, the Post is a distant third to the Times and the Daily News. In fact, I think AM New York is more widely read than the NY Post now.
The Washington Post, now that Post is read widely.
To gain the world, and lose your own soul.
I don't know the statistics, Ben. But I ride the subway daily, and read the NY Post on the subway daily, and the only papers read on the subway are the Post and the Daily News. I've never seen a Times on the subway and the Posts I've seen at least double the amount of Daily News I've seen.
re: Proscribe
At the risk of being pedantic, I'll quote Inigo Montoya:
You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means.
Proscribe means to denounce or outlaw. I believe you intended to use 'prescribe'.
We've contacted every 18-21 year old in our zone and are going to "shepherd" them to the voters booth. Identified which will be away at school and already got them their absentee ballot. Seven hundred votes for Obama over five precincts.
McCain gets a high number of Republican % since most of the conservatives (not necessarily republicans) and Rockefeller Republicans have defected from the party over the past four years. What is left in the party are the people who habitually would vote Republican even if they dug up Reagan's corpse and put him on the ballot. As such, the Independents will be more receptive to a more moderate messenger like McCain than usual.
I would expect Obama to run up huge margins in the youth vote but how that plays out is yet to be seen.
52% youth share above 2004 GE is of course impossible; I take it Nate means this as an illustration.
One thing which I think is almost certain is that even in 2008, voting would rise monotonically with age. The shape of the curve may be flatter, risng more slowly from youth to old age, but I seriously doubt it will get anywhere near a flat line, and of course I am sure it will not have any significant "valleys". All in all a 10% relative higher youth turnout is about the limit of a reasonable goal.
Ben's point on purple state is excellent. It's not quite that youth are sensitive to competitiveness: everyone is and for this reason the share of traditional (i.e. older) voters in a competitive State is smaller.
The key this time around is that there are quite a few States where the perception of competitiveness changed: Virginia was perceived as much less competitive last time around and for this reason the turnout this time would be higher and, as a consequence, the youth share will be higher as well.
Top 100 Newspapers in the United States:
3. Times (New York, N.Y.) 1,683,855;
7. Daily News (New York, N.Y.) 795,153;
11. Post (New York, N.Y.) 691,420.
Of course, NY doesn't EV matter, so who cares what NYers read?
I think "flash" only really hurts if there is weakness in other areas. Apple wouldn't do well if it had great branding but lousy customer service or worthless products. If they weren't at least pretty good in their areas, then the slickness would rapidly turn against them.
What are Obama's strengths as a candidate? (Note: I am an Obama supporter, so take this with whatever grain of salt you find appropriate.)
--Great branding, as stated.
--Thoughtful stands on most issues, albeit ones that are not always entirely clear or consistent.
--Excellent orator.
--Great at building grass roots efforts, and incorporating their ideas into his campaign without, somehow, losing message discipline (most of the time).
--Campaign planning for the long-term.
--I'm leaving strengths of particular policy stances, character, and background off of this list. Those are, of course, to a large extent in the eye of the beholder.
Weaknesses:
--Too thoughtful, sometimes...he's not good at knee-jerk responses to stupid or provocative questions.
--I'm leaving weaknesses of particular policy stances, character, and background off of this list. Those are, of course, to a large extent in the eye of the beholder.
My thought is that he and his campaign have enough strengths in enough areas that the "slick" charge won't have much effect on those who might end up voting for him. Does anyone think, for instance, that McCain has more detailed policy plans than Obama? Yes, some think McCain's plans are better, but that doesn't really mesh with McCain's "celebrity" attack, which suggests that Obama's plans aren't well thought out.
The one thing this line of attack does do is fire up McCain's anti-Obama base. It gives them a reason they can point to for being against Obama. That helps, a little, in that it solidifies that 45% or so of the polled electorate that supports McCain. But it does nothing with the undecideds. McCain needs to follow this up with something to reach out to them, or else he ends up losing by 5 points or so, which isn't very close in historical terms.
There will be a slight uptick in the youth vote, but it doesn't really matter. What is more important--as Ben indicates--is that Obama will win a larger percentage of the youth that turn out than previous candidates have.
Reagan ('84) and Bush Sr. ('88)won the youth vote. Since 1992, however, Democratic candidates have been winning the under 30 demographic by a widening advantage:
('92--56%; '94--61%; '00--63%; '04--66% {ANES survey})
And this year the Democrats actually have a candidate that appeals to youth.
The Numantine
Good Point. I remember the shock in the first presidential election that allowed under 21. I thought the new youth vote was going to slaughter Nixon. They broke close to the over 21 group. It has taken a long time to get the youth voting blue.
This cycle should be a record for both blue pct and pct of turnout.
Not Mac/PC again. LAME.
If I didn't want to ever play any game ever I would use a Mac. PC's are easy to upgrade and change to your liking unlike the extremely heavy-handed proprietary stance of apple, not to mention their intellectual property brutality.
Did you know there is a kill switch built into the iPhone that apple can use to flood it with Malware?
Regarding Ben´s observation, maybe it does wonders to the youth vote to increase the number of swing states....
I wonder what´s the reason why turnout of older people is universally higher than youth turn-out. The 18-21 voters of 1972 are the 54-57 voters of today, and so there are many people that didn´t vote back then, but they vote now when turnout in these age groups is above 60%... it seems voting is a behaviour pattern you get taught while you get older - it´s a "tradition". The youth only votes when they perceive their vote to be important.
Page 2 of that article has an error, Nathan- needs to say "we probably won't know until election day" -you're missing the negative there.
Nate,
One possible correction. You indicate that younger voter turnout bottomed out in 2000. I was under the impression that the low point was 1996 with significant gains in both 2000 and 2004. Data from Pew Research supports that claim.
http://www.pewtrusts.org/news_room_detail.aspx?id=17696
Oops. Just found the problem. Nate's article focuses on 18-24 year olds. The Pew data uses 18-29 year olds. Pay your money and take your choice about who constitutes "youth." I suspect that Nate and I have different perspectives on that question.
The only thing undercounted right now is the Bradley Effect! Three people I know were asked by a pollster in the last 3 weeks a question they were not truthful about.
In the end, you can say this and that and these and those are undercounted, but everyone and their mother knows the big thing is the Bradley Effect, and it is in full effect this election cycle!
Sorry, but just because your acquaintances include a large group of liars doesn't demonstrate the Bradley effect. The extent of its presence in the current election cycle is still very much subject to conflicting evidence.
Why does everyone assume that the youth vote goes democrat? I am a 21year old black college student voting for McCain.
I understand that most young voters go democrat(blame the media and Hollywood on this one) and most black voters are going for Obama but not me.
olberove said...
"Page 2 of that article has an error, Nathan- needs to say "we probably won't know until election day" -you're missing the negative there.
Wow! I thought that was what editors were for!
I am really surprised that the Daily News comes up on top of the Post in that list. I don't spend much time in NYC except for Manhattan, and there you would get the idea that the NY Post beats everything. Most people I know read it just for sports though. That survey must have been taken around Feb or Mar, when there's no baseball or football games.
MN writes:
Did you know there is a kill switch built into the iPhone that apple can use to flood it with Malware?
MN, you ought to draw a better distinction between information and paranoia.
The on-line magazine Apple Insider recently took up this issue. According to this article from last Wednesday:
Apple has so far not exercised any of its revocation powers. Despite having removed apps from sale in the store, the company has yet to disable any apps that have been installed by users. A test item on the unauthorized apps list Zdziarski discovered is described as "malicious," suggesting that the Cupertino-based company behind the list is at least currently interested more in stamping out threats to its customers than it is policing the software on users' phones.
Theoretically the kill switch 'could' be used to flood a user's iPhone with malware, but why would Apple do something like that? It makes much more sense to assume that Apple has a nifty device for removing malware from the device of someone whose application software was infected.
I'd say youth vote generally goes democrat for many reasons. Youth are generally more tolerant of differences, more liberal over-all, much more connected than older generations, and much more intelligent than we give many of them credit for.
The Democratic brand tends to appeal more to younger voters for many of those reasons. I've been voting mostly democrat since I was 18. My first election was 2000. I've voted a republican here and there for local elections, and several independents, but mostly democrat.
They just represent me more.
I am in a non-competitive state that does not even have a Senatorial election this time. Quite a few of the 18 year olds that work for me asked me how to register to vote. I almost think Nate may be underestimating youth turnout this year. Not that my anecdotal evidence is in any way comparable to the method that he uses.
The primary percentage increases are obviously unsustainable. There are really two groups of youth. Engaged and politically active ones. Disengaged and disinterested ones. Of course this applies to everyone, but I tend to think most older people tend to fall somewhere in the middle where youth are likely to be on the extremes. Obviously the engaged ones will vote in both the primary and general. The disengaged didn't vote in the primary. It will be harder to get them to vote in the general.
I think the youth vote will increase this time. I'm not sure it will increase as much as some of us want to believe it will.
Obama is the Mac to John McCain's PC.
Does that make Bob Barr Linux?
Nate,
So the million dollar question is...
Are you going to factor ground organization (field offices, number of volunteers, even ad buys, etc.) and attempt to estimate turnout using empirical methods for your projections?
It would be bad ass if you could, but you know you need to tread carefully in those waters. I think if you create a really low-level analysis with regression coefficients you might be able to factor these variables into your predictions, making them even closer to the real likely outcome.
Plus, I have some suspicion that this is already your plan since you are ruthlessly ambitious and you have been presenting us with its framework in your last few posts.
:-)
Interesting how the Stalinists come out and attack Nate for using allowing himself to appeal in print in a proscribed journal.
To the substance of his point, I think it is folly to reason from the uptick in enthusiasm and voting in the Democratic primaries to the General election. Young people come in many stripes, and there is a large segment of them that are conservative. 100s of thousands of them in uniform prove that point.
For many of the young, they simply don't care that much. I think Obama was a fad and his appeal has greatly faded. The war issue is over and as we have won, he has lost, so the anti-war youth vote no longer remains to be courted, but rather ignored.
As far as the other issues go, Obama and his tire gauge offers nothing to a young person who must use half a paycheck to pay for a week's worth of gas.
More or less he is yesterday’s news to this fickle group and while they may give an edge to him, the over 50 crowd who we know will vote, will vote in force for McCain.
As a Kos-head that has giddily followed your rise since the primaries...
I went out and bought a paper copy!
Good times.
More or less he is yesterday’s news to this fickle group and while they may give an edge to him, the over 50 crowd who we know will vote, will vote in force for McCain.
You don't seem to be particularly knowledgeable in this field, but I would expect even you, Pete Kent, to know that this group is anything but fickle in swing states, where it accounts for a very significant portion of the vote.
Also, you will note that Obama has won the Iraq debate and he won it the moment that Iraq's President specifically endorsed the Obama plan for Iraq. Last we saw McCain talk about Iraq, he was forced to admit that Obama's timetable for withdrawal was an excellent idea that the government and people of Iraq were in complete agreement with.
Finally, even you should be able to find the myriad of August polls that show Obama with an almost unheard-of 40 point advantage (domination) with the younger voters who will make up 1/4 of all votes in the toss-up states.
PeteKent ahhh...no.
/nice troll though
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